![]() And as part of colonial violence, both past and slow, the Russian war in Ukraine generates other forms of trauma that go beyond individual experience. As a sudden traumatizing event, the experience of war engenders multiple individual states and emotions, as well as multifaceted losses which go beyond simply physical structures. Nevertheless, reconstruction should neither be reduced to the act of construction nor be the sole task of urban recovery.Įveryone who has lived through war knows that it brings not only material damage but also leaves embodied after-effects. ![]() 2 The scale and the urgency of displacement make physical reconstruction and rehousing a primary concern. 1 At least five million people are internally displaced, 17.6 million require urgent humanitarian assistance, and more than six million fled as refugees by the middle of 2023. As a consequence of Russian attacks, at least 149,300 residential buildings have been damaged or destroyed. The full-scale Russian invasion of Ukraine has caused massive destruction and ruination, particularly targeting cities and the urban fabric.
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